Just a clarification. I have ran some form or other of server for many years now, all the way back to dial-up. (yes, a server on dial-up) It's been my experience that 99% of the time on dialup, when you dial up again you get a different IP address than you did last time. Sometimes you get a different subnet and sometimes not. (depends on what modem bank you happened to land in on the phone rollover I suppose?)
Cable on the other hand, as well as DSL, are much less dynamic. When I first got a cable modem, the 'setup sheet' they sent with me listed my IP address among other things. The drone that came by with the modem was promptly shown the door when he offered to set up my machines. I set them up exactly as indicated and it worked flawless for over a month and a half.
Then I started getting all sorts of odd problems, mostly routing issues, failures to ping, lost packets, just a mess. I got on the phone with the cable co and we got into a bit of an argument. "What do you have for an IP address?" I read it to him. "Do you have that on DHCP?" Of course not. "You have to use DHCP." OK so I switch it to DHCP and reboot it and pfft I get a different IP address. We bickered back and forth for some time, and the bottom line was that the setup sheet they sent me was my CURRENT ip address, "subject to change without notice". And change it did, one week ago. He gave me the address of the customer, two blocks away, that had my previous IP address now.
That expained my network problems, but also shows that while an address may not be static, that doesn't necessarily mean you get a new one every time you reacquire. During the first month of service I know I had rebooted my cable modem several times without my IP address needing to change.
If you are on a LAN somewhere that hands out internal IPs you get the same effect. When you unplug (and "DHCP release") a timer in the router starts ticking. If you walk to the cubicle next to you, jack in, and reboot, you will almost certainly obtaint the same IP address you had earlier because it's only been a few minutes so the DHCP server just renews your lease. This has nothing to do with your having just freed the address somehow making it the next one that will be handed out to whoever. At some prescribed time, your entry in the table will be deleted. (6 hrs? depends entirely on the router) OR if it needs an address to hand out to someone it will look in the table of addresses being held, and give out the oldest one in the list, the one that has not been renewed/used in the longest period of time.
The same thing happens at the cable companies, just on a larger scale. What caused my trouble was that my cable company rebooted the router on my node at their NOC. (I checked my logs and confirmed my cable modem was unsynced for 15 minutes about a week before this) There are some server softwares that can work within this limitation, by using a 'tracker" by which people can find the IP address of a named server by browsing to the tracker and looking up the current ip address of the server they want in a list. (nowadays this lookup is done automatically by their client) I find this amusing to look at as we used the concept of 'trackers' in 1992, in the form of a "finger page" on a university mainframe (which of course had a static ip address) to which our server scripts pushed our current IP address to every time it changed. Users would finger the account to get our new ip address whenever one of our servers in the network changed IP addresses. Which for those of us still on dialup was typically every 6-10 hours. (they'd reset my connection if I was online continuouslty for 6 hrs, so my server was scripted to broadcast a warning to online users, disconnect, and reconnect every 5:50)
SOME routers are smart and will ignore you if you try to traffic from an ip address other than the one that their DHCP component has handed you by comparing MAC addresses, (to prevent the problem I experienced) but it's surprisingly uncommon.
So much simpler now being on static DSL...
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- I work for the Department of Redundancy Department